PTSD and Art Therapy
With Veteran's day passed, some people have been raising awareness about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This happens when a person goes through something like war, persistant abuse, rape, and other traumatic events. Sometimes it can be a singular event (a person gets robs at gunpoint) or it could be a series of events (childhood abuse).
There are many symptoms to PTSD such as flashbacks, hypervigilance, anxiety, and depression. If you want to know more about PTSD symptoms, check out: http://www.webmd.com
Doing and Undoing
Freud talked about this as a defense mechanism. Say you thought something badly against someone and to undo that thought, you were extremely nice to them.
There are two ways that this comes out in art therapy:
1. Repetitive drawings.
There was a kid who was in the behavioral health hospital who went through a fire on Christmas. He drew Christmas trees over and over again. Sometimes he cross them out. Other times the firefighters came and put it out; then, the Christmas tree would turn to a scribble of blue. Sometimes the fire engulfed the tree and it turned to all yellow and orange scribbles.
2. Piecing back together
There was a Veteran who saw someone's hand blown off. He made a hand out of clay. The clay messed up. He was in tears, trying to get the hand back together. Eventually, he did put it back together and then was able to move onto peaceful pictures of jungles.
In both cases, the people in therapy were trying to control the things that had happened to them. The construction paper and the art materials themselves were a way for the trauma to be contained. They could regain themselves.
Revealing
The point of therapy is to get out what is on a person's mind. Trauma tends to stick with a person and they can't always talk about it to everyone. Sometimes these events and the issues surrounding the event come out anyway.
Talking isn't always a container. Sometimes when a person talks about events, they tend to feel raw and unsteady emotionally as well as have difficulty calming down. The advantage of art therapy is that people can talk about their art. Sometimes they don't even have to talk about their art or about their issues. They get to keep their secrets. The pictures will reveal what has been on their mind. Art gives a person a chance to reveal something without having to talk about it. This could be important for a person who has difficulty sharing. It may even lead to a person disclosing about traumatic events.
Regaining Control
When a trauma is happening, a person doesn't have control over the event. Some people with PTSD assign a great amount of blame to themselves, more than they actually had, as one way to gain control.
Another way to gain control is to gain mastery over art materials. This could be as simple as making a collage or as learning a new art technique. It also can be that on their paper/canvas, they can do what they want. As was seen with the kid with repetitive drawings, he could try out new endings for the event.
Art can help to manage symptoms of PTSD in several ways, including doing and undoing, revealing and regaining control. In using art, people with PTSD can start to process events and symptoms.
